It blocks both beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors. Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with asthma, bradycardia and heart failure and should be used cautiously in the elderly and in patients with diabetes. It is a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Some patients receiving beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents have been subject to protracted severe hypotension during anesthesia. This may augment the risk of general anesthesia in surgical procedures. Analogues of PGF2Alpha increase uveoscleral outflow Beta-Blockers (e.g Timolol). Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade impairs the ability of the heart to respond to beta-adrenergically mediated reflex stimuli. As with all beta-blockers, sudden withdrawal can trigger rebound hypertension. Prostaglandin agonists (e.g Latanoprost). Common side effects of timolol include bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, dizziness, depression, memory loss, impotence, cold limbs and less commonly severe hypotension, heart failure and bronchospasm. The typical initial oral dose of timolol in adults is 10 mg twice daily, with subsequent dose modification based upon clinical response and tolerance, the average total daily maintenance dose being 10 to 60 mg. In addition, timolol is available in an ophthalmic formulation for therapy of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
Timolol is available in tablets of 5, 10 and 20 mg in generic forms and formerly under the trade name Blocadren. Also called beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents, these medications bind to beta receptors present on the cells of the heart, arteries, kidneys and other. Timolol was approved for use in the United States in 1995 and is still in wide use. Timolol is also used for the prevention of migraine amd vascular headaches and for lessening the risk of recurrent variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Timolol is indicated for the management of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias and reduction in the risk of cardiovascular mortality after myocardial infarction. Beta-2 blockade also affects peripheral vascular resistance and can cause bronchospasm and hypoglycemia. Beta-1 adrenergic blockade reduces the heart rate and myocardial contractility by slowing the AV conduction and suppressing automaticity. Timolol maleate is a beta 1 and beta 2 (non-selective) adrenergic receptor blocking agent that does not have significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, direct myocardial depressant, or local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) activity. Timolol (tim' oh lol) is a nonselective beta-blocker, acting on both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
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